Iindaba

Ngomhla we-15 kaNovemba, i-2024, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali kunye noLawulo lukaRhulumente lweRhafu bakhuphe "Isibhengezo sokuLungisa uMgaqo-nkqubo weSaphulelo seRhafu yokuThunyelwa ngaphandle". Ukusukela nge-1 kaDisemba ka-2024, zonke izaphulelo zerhafu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwiimveliso ze-aluminiyam ziya kurhoxiswa, ezibandakanya amanani erhafu angama-24 afana neepleyiti ze-aluminiyam, iifoyile ze-aluminiyam, iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam, izincedisi zetyhubhu ye-aluminiyam kunye nezinye iiprofayili zebha ye-aluminium. Ukuqaliswa komgaqo-nkqubo omtsha kubonisa ukuzimisela kwelizwe ekukhokeleni ngokuqinileyo uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu wamashishini e-aluminium yasekhaya kunye nokuzithemba kwawo kwinguqu ye-China ukusuka kwilizwe elikhulu loshishino lwe-aluminiyam ukuya kwilizwe eliqinileyo le-aluminium. Emva kokuhlalutya, iingcali zoshishino kunye nabaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ibhalansi entsha iya kusekwa kwiimarike ze-aluminium zasekhaya nezangaphandle kunye ne-aluminium, kwaye impembelelo yonke yomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha kwimarike ye-aluminium yasekhaya iyalawuleka.

Isaphulelo seRhafu yokuThunyela ngaphandle kweAluminiyam
Ngo-2023, ilizwe lam lathumela ngaphandle kwe-5.2833 yezigidi zeetoni ze-aluminium, kuquka: i-5.107 yezigidi zeetoni zokuthengisa ngaphandle ngokubanzi, iitoni ezingama-83,400 zokuthumela ngaphandle korhwebo, kunye neetoni ezingama-92,900 zolunye urhwebo ngaphandle. Umthamo opheleleyo wokuthumela ngaphandle we-24 yeemveliso ze-aluminiyam ezibandakanyekayo ekucinyweni kwezaphulelo zerhafu ye-export yi-5.1656 yezigidi zeetoni, ezibalelwa kwi-97.77% yokuthunyelwa kwe-aluminiyam iyonke, apho umthamo worhwebo jikelele wokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-5.0182 yezigidi zeetoni, ezibalelwa kwi-97.15%; umthamo worhwebo wokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yi-57,600 yeetoni, ezibalelwa kwi-1.12%; kunye nomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinye iindlela zorhwebo yi-89,800 yeetoni, ezibalelwa kwi-1.74%.
Kwi-2023, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokurhweba ngaphandle kweemveliso ze-aluminium ezibandakanyekayo ekucinyweni kwerhafu yerhafu yi-US $ 16.748 yezigidigidi, apho ixabiso elithengisiweyo lokuthumela ngaphandle libuyiselwa kwi-13% (ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukutsalwa), kwaye urhwebo lokucubungula lubuyiselwa kwi-13. I-% yomrhumo wokucubungula (ngokusekelwe kumyinge we-US $ 400 / toni), kunye nemali yokubuyisela imali malunga ne-US $ 2.18 yezigidigidi; umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2024 ufikelele kwi-4.6198 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye isixa-mali sempembelelo yonyaka kulindeleke ukuba sibe malunga ne-US$2.6 yebhiliyoni. Iimveliso ze-aluminiyam apho isaphulelo serhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle icinyiwe ngeli xesha ubukhulu becala zithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokurhweba ngokubanzi, kubalelwa kwi-97.14%.

Impembelelo yokucinywa kwesaphulelo serhafu
Ngexesha elifutshane, ukucinywa kwesaphulelo serhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kuya kuba nefuthe elithile kwishishini lokulungisa i-aluminium. Okokuqala, iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle ziya kunyuka, zinciphise ngokuthe ngqo iingeniso zamashishini athumela ngaphandle; okwesibini, ixabiso lemiyalelo yokuthumela ngaphandle liya kunyuka, izinga lokulahleka kwemiyalelo yorhwebo lwangaphandle liya kwanda, kwaye uxinzelelo lokuthumela ngaphandle luya kwanda. Kulindeleke ukuba umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ngoNovemba uya kwanda, kwaye umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ngoDisemba uya kuhla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukungaqiniseki kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunyaka ozayo kuya kwanda; okwesithathu, ukuguqulwa kwamandla orhwebo lwangaphandle ukuya kwintengiso yangaphakathi kungenza kube mandundu inguquko yangaphakathi; okwesine, iya kukhuthaza ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-aluminiyam kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuhla kwamaxabiso e-aluminiyam yasekhaya de kufikelelwe kuluhlu olulungeleleneyo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imveliso ye-aluminiyam yaseTshayina isenenzuzo yokuthelekisa amazwe ngamazwe, kwaye unikezelo lwe-aluminiyam yehlabathi kunye nokulungelelana kwemfuno kunzima ukubunjwa kwakhona ngexesha elifutshane. I-China isengoyena mthengisi uphambili wemarike ye-aluminium yamazwe ngamazwe ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu. Impembelelo yolu hlenga-hlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo kwirhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kulindeleke ukuba isonjululwe ngokuthe ngcembe.

Impembelelo kuqoqosho olukhulu
Ngokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso ephantsi kwexabiso elongeziweyo, kuya kunceda ukucutha intshiyekela yorhwebo, kuncitshiswe ukungqubana okubangelwa kukungalingani kwezorhwebo, kunye nokwandisa ubume borhwebo lwangaphandle.
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uhambelana nenjongo yesicwangciso-qhinga soqoqosho lwase-China lokuphuhlisa umgangatho ophezulu, ukukhokela imithombo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, kumashishini asakhasayo anokuhluma okukhulu, nokukhuthaza inguqu kwezoqoqosho.

Iingcebiso zokuphendula
(I) Ukuqinisa unxibelelwano kunye notshintshiselwano. Thetha ngokusebenzayo kwaye unxibelelane nabathengi baphesheya, uzinzise abathengi, kwaye uphonononge indlela yokuthwala iindleko ezongeziweyo eziziswa kukucinywa kwezaphulelo zerhafu. (II) Lungisa ngokusebenzayo izicwangciso zoshishino. Iinkampani zokulungisa i-aluminiyam zigxininisa ekutshintsheni kwiimveliso ze-aluminium ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye zenze konke okusemandleni ukuzinzisa imarike yokuthumela ngaphandle kweemveliso ze-aluminium. (III) Sebenza nzima ngamandla angaphakathi. Ukoyisa ubunzima, gcina ingqibelelo kunye nezinto ezintsha, ukukhawulezisa ukulinywa komgangatho omtsha wemveliso, kwaye uqinisekise iingenelo ezibanzi ezinjengomgangatho, ixabiso, inkonzo, kunye nophawu. (IV) Yomeleza ukuzithemba. Ishishini laseTshayina lokulungisa i-aluminiyam likwinqanaba lokuqala kwihlabathi ngokomthamo wemveliso kunye nemveliso. Ineengenelo ezinkulu zokuthelekisa kumaziko axhasayo kwimizi-mveliso, izixhobo zobugcisa, kunye nabasebenzi bemizi-mveliso abaqolileyo. Imeko yangoku yokhuphiswano olubanzi oluqinileyo lweshishini laseChina lokulungisa ialuminiyam ayisayi kutshintsha lula, kwaye iimarike zangaphandle zisaxhomekeke kakhulu ekuthumeleni kwethu ialuminiyam kumazwe angaphandle.

Ilizwi loShishino
Ukuze uqonde ngcono impembelelo yolu hlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kwishishini lokulungisa i-aluminium, abaququzeleli boMboniso woMboniso we-Aluminiyam waMazwe ngaMazwe waseChina badlan' indlebe neqela leenkampani ukuba zihlolisise amathuba ngokudibeneyo kunye nokuhlangabezana nemingeni.
Q: Zeziphi ezona mpembelelo zohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo serhafu kurhwebo lwenkampani yakho lwangaphandle?

Inkampani A: Ngexesha elifutshane, ngenxa yokucinywa kwezaphulelo zerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, iindleko ziphakame ngokufihlakeleyo, inzuzo yokuthengisa iwile, kwaye kuya kubakho ilahleko ethile kwixesha elifutshane.
Inkampani B: Imida yenzuzo ithotyiwe. Okukhona umkhulu umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle, kokukhona kunzima ukuthethathethana nabathengi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abathengi baya kugaya ngokudibeneyo phakathi kwe-5-7%.

Q: Ucinga ukuba ukucinywa komgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo serhafu kumanye amazwe kuya kuchaphazela njani imfuno kunye nentsingiselo yamaxabiso kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe? Ingaba inkampani icwangcisa njani ukulungelelanisa isicwangciso sayo sokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze imelane nolu tshintsho? Inkampani A:
Kwizixhobo ze-lid, mna ndicinga ukuba imfuno ayiyi kutshintsha kakhulu. Ngethuba lexesha elibi kakhulu lobhubhani, ezinye iinkampani zangaphandle zazama ukutshintsha iitoti ze-aluminium kunye neebhotile zeglasi kunye nokupakishwa kweplastiki, kodwa akukho mkhwa ulindeleke kwixesha elizayo, ngoko ke imfuno yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe ayifanele iguquguquke kakhulu. imbono ye-aluminium eluhlaza, emva kokucinywa kwezaphulelo zerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, kukholelwa ukuba i-LME kunye namaxabiso e-aluminium ekrwada yasekhaya iya kuba phantse ifanayo kwixesha elizayo; ukusuka kumbono we-aluminium processing, ukunyuka kwexabiso kuya kuxoxisana nabathengi, kodwa ngoDisemba, iinkampani ezininzi zangaphandle sele zisayine iikontrakthi zokuthengwa kwempahla kunyaka ozayo, ngoko kuya kubakho iingxaki kunye nokutshintsha kwexabiso lexeshana ngoku.
Inkampani B: Indlela yokutshintsha ixabiso ayiyi kuba nkulu kakhulu, kwaye iYurophu kunye neUnited States zinamandla okuthenga abuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, i-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, njengeVietnam, iya kuba neenzuzo ezithile zokukhuphisana kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi kunye nomhlaba. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngezicwangciso zokuthumela ngaphandle zisafuna ukulinda de kube semva kwe-1 kaDisemba.

Umbuzo: Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthethathethana nabathengi ukuze kuhlengahlengiswe amaxabiso? Abaxumi basekhaya nabangaphandle bazaba njani iindleko namaxabiso? Yintoni ukwamkelwa okulindelekileyo kwabathengi?

Inkampani A: Ewe, siza kuthethathethana nabathengi abaninzi abaphambili kwaye sifumane iziphumo kwixesha elifutshane. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso akunakuphepheka, kodwa kunokubakho indlela yokunyuka nge-13%. Singathatha ixabiso elingaphezu kwe-median ukuqinisekisa ukuba asizukulahlekelwa yimali. Abathengi bamazwe angaphandle bebesoloko benenkqubo ethile yokuthengisa. Uninzi lwabathengi kufuneka bakwazi ukuqonda kunye nokwamkela iqondo elithile lokunyuka kwexabiso emva kokufunda ukuba isaphulelo serhafu yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam yaseChina irhoxisiwe. Kakade ke, kuya kubakho ukhuphiswano olungakumbi lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nje ukuba isaphulelo serhafu saseTshayina sokuthumela ngaphandle sirhoxisiwe kwaye akusekho inzuzo kwixabiso, kukho ithuba lokuba indawo yalo ithathelwe indawo zizityalo zokulungisa i-aluminiyam kweminye imimandla efana noMbindi Mpuma.

Inkampani B: Abanye abathengi banxibelelana nathi ngefowuni okanye nge-imeyile ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngenxa yokuba izivumelwano ezisayinwe ngumthengi ngamnye zahlukile, ngoku sinxibelelana nokwamkelwa kotshintsho lwexabiso nganye nganye.

Inkampani C: Kwiinkampani ezinemithamo emincinci yokuthumela ngaphandle, oko kuthetha ukuba umda wengeniso yenkampani uphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiinkampani ezinomthamo omkhulu wokuthumela ngaphandle, i-13% iphindaphindwe ngomthamo, ukwanda ngokubanzi kuphezulu, kwaye banokulahlekelwa yinxalenye yemarike yaphesheya.

Umbuzo: Kwimeko yohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo, ngaba inkampani inezicwangciso zokuguqula ukusetyenzwa okunzulu, ukuveliswa kwamalungu okanye iimveliso ezihlaziyiweyo?

Inkampani A: Isaphulelo serhafu sokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-aluminium sacinywa ngeli xesha. Siye siguqulela ekuqhubeleni phambili okunzulu, kodwa siya kulinda de kube inkqubo yoLawulo lweRhafu yeRhafu ifumanise emva kwe-1 kaDisemba ngaphambi kokwenza izicwangciso zophuhliso.
Inkampani B: Ngokwembono yomntu, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kwenzeka, kwaye ulwalathiso oluthile kufuneka luxoxwe.
Q: Njengelungu leshishini, inkampani yakho ilijonga njani isikhokelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kumzi mveliso we-aluminium wase China? Ngaba uqinisekile ukuba unokuyoyisa imingeni eziswa ngumgaqo-nkqubo kwaye uqhubeke nokugcina ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe?

Inkampani A: Siqinisekile ukuba singayoyisa. Imfuno yangaphandle ye-aluminium yaseTshayina iqinile kwaye ayikwazi ukutshintshwa kwixesha elifutshane. Kukho inkqubo yokubuyisela amaxabiso kwixesha elizayo elingekude.
Ukuququmbela

Uhlenga-hlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wesaphulelo serhafu kumanye amazwe lelinye lamanyathelo abalulekileyo athatyathwe ngurhulumente ukuxhasa uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woqoqosho lokwenene. Isimo esilungileyo sokugcina umgangatho ophezulu kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwemizi-mveliso yasekhaya enyukayo kunye nesezantsi ayikatshintshi, kwaye impembelelo engalunganga yokucinywa kwesaphulelo serhafu ye-aluminiyam kwimarike ye-aluminium ngokuqhelekileyo iyalawuleka.